SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India)

Category I AIFs under the SEBI (Alternative Investment Funds) Regulations, 2012, include funds that invest in start-ups, early-stage ventures, social ventures, SMEs, and infrastructure. These funds are considered to have positive spillover effects on the economy and may receive incentives or concessions from SEBI, the Government of India, or other regulators. Sub-categories include Venture Capital Funds, Angel Funds, Social Venture Funds, and Infrastructure Funds.

Category II AIFs are funds that do not fall under Category I or III and do not undertake leverage or borrowing other than to meet day-to-day operational requirements (up to a regulatory cap). This is the most common AIF category in India and includes private equity funds, debt funds, and fund of funds that do not qualify as Category I.

Category III AIFs under SEBI regulations employ diverse or complex trading strategies and may use leverage including through investment in listed or unlisted derivatives. These include hedge funds, PIPE (Private Investment in Public Equity) funds, and other funds that trade with a view to making short-term returns. They are subject to higher regulatory reporting requirements compared to Category I and II.

An FVCI is a foreign entity registered with SEBI to invest in Indian venture capital undertakings, Category I AIFs, or Category II AIFs. FVCI registration provides benefits such as exemption from certain pricing norms under FEMA (Foreign Exchange Management Act) and the ability to invest at negotiated prices in unlisted Indian companies.